Medieval type classification based on the original list by M. H. Smith: "DU MANUSCRIT À LA TYPOGRAPHIE NUMÉRIQUE" (2008) http://www.menestrel.fr/IMG/pdf/Smith_Paleotypo.pdf Notes: The short abbreviations after the names of the typefaces refer to foundries. these are listed at the end of the document. ">2008" means "after 2008". "<2006" means "before 2006". "2007?" means that Smith is unsure about the creation date. --------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Greek capitals and Greek simulation faces Classic epigraphy 1934: Pericles ac 1989: Lithos ad 1992: Spontan (mk) ff 1995: Acropolis Now p22 1997: Acropolis Then p22 1998: Herakles pr 2001: Paestum tw 2005: Petroglyph et 2006: Hellenica Serif pf 2007: Agamemnon pr No date: Diogenes al Christian manuscripts 1995: Jackson gfs [after a 1788 face that imitates Codex Bezae, 5th-6th centuries] 2006: Ambrosia gfs [after l'Iliade Ambrosienne], Nicefore gfs [5th-7th centuries] ---------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Roman scripts Archaic roman capitals 1997: Bibracte mt 1998: Praitor sfl 2000: Syntax Lapidar lt 2003: RomaMonumentalBC mk Monumental capitals 1912: Forum (fg) 1918: Hadriano (fg) 1928-1930: Open Roman Capitals art 1932: Hadriano Stone-Cut 1951: Augustea 1955: Columna 1961: Octavian mt 1987: Galba mn 1989: Trajan ad 1993: Caesario sfl 1994: Aeneas ttw, Goudy Trajan ct 1995: SPQR gm 1996: Cicero abcd 1999: Falconis sfl 2001: Triumphalis po 2003: Essendine lhf 2004: Optimus Princeps mk 2007: Jupiter cnd Rustic capitals 1965:  Rustica 1992: Pompeijana (afr) lt 1993: Cicero sfl, Minerva sfl, Vespasiano sfl 1995: Carus (jb) ef, Pompeii Capitals (pb) lt 1996: Virgile mt 1997: Vatican Rough Letters 8th c. fd 1999: Roman Rustic jgj, Roman Rustica jk 2000: Rustic Capitals mf 2002: Carinthia sfl 2004: Pal-Rustica kps 2005: Rustic Capitals cd, Capitalis Rustica jjm Square capitals 1970: Quadrata vt 1993: Ravenna sfl 2004: Pal-Quadrata kps, QuadrataRoma mk 2005: Capitalis Elegans jjm, Written Square Capitals cd Cursive capitals and ancient handwriting 1992: Big Caesar mk 1997-2001: Pompeji mk 2004: Quick JuliusC mk 2008: Cursiva Romana Antiqua jjm Non-cananical roman scripts 1990: Herculanum (afr) lt 1992: Rusticana (afr) lt 1993: Macteris Uncial sfl, Sophia cc 1998: De Bellis sfl 1998: Pomponianus sfl, Reliq ad 2002: Marathon if >2008:  Philocalus lp Roman uncials 1991: Benedikt bb 1993: Antioch Uncial sfl 1999: Latin Uncial jk, Uncial jgj, Corbei Uncial sfl 2003-2004: Pal-Unziale Roemisch kps 2005: Uncialis jjm Roman semi-uncials 1999: Roman Halfuncial jk ------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Medieval scripts: Celtic faces, uncials and related scripts 1921: Hammer Unziale 1927: Engel Stabenschrift nf 1933: Colmcille mt,  Pindar 1934: Mosaik = Abbot Uncial mt. Ð1937: Friar (fg), Peignot 1938: Libra 1939: Simplex mt 1943: Neue Hammer Unziale /American Uncial 1945-1949:  eska Unciala 1952: Solemnis be 1953:  Unciala 1958: Andromaque 1989: Barbara Sisters et, Oxford (ab) lt, Santa Barbara Electric et 1990: Omnia (kgh) lt 1992: Benedict Uncial (pb) mt, Beowulf bb, Unikled it 1993: Constance sfl, Durrow sfl, Lukrezia (jb) ff 1993-2003: Gaeilge1 / Gaeilge Unicode pmc 1994: Uncitronica mk 1995: Aureus Uncial (pb) mt, Frances Uncial let / itc 1996: Minska itc, Uncial Romana bau 1997: Celtic Gaeilge df, Iona mt, Korigan itc, Stonecross sfl, Zubizarreta tot 1998: Dahaut sfl 1998-2008: Vespasian fnb 1999: Alba sfl, Loch Garman evt, Morgow sfl, Uncia (jdg) mt, Uncial wf 2000: Bouwsma Uncial mf, Celtic ds, Cry Uncial if, Forkbeard itc [after Andromaque], Gourdie Uncial mf, Pal-Uncialis kps 2001: Accord dp, Oncial fm 2002: Carinthia sfl, Medea itc 2003: Uncial pr 2004: Bilibin ef, Bill Blake lhf, First Order if, Gandalf ef, Missale Lunea ast, Pater Noster to 2005: Munc ss 2006: Celtics Modern fi, Irish Uncialfabeta mk, Marceta Uncial fif, Seranoa lhf 2007: Evangeliaire Uncial id, Jana Thork of, Uncial cd 2008: Tristram if, Walhalla, Walhalla Sans lu >2008:  Quanta Uncial ai Semi uncials 1988-1992: Kells flf, Meath flf 1990: Lindisfarne Nova bt 1992: Glendower sfl 1993: Ceanannas evt, Duibhlinn evt 1994: Eirinn Gaelic lt, Irish Uncial vl, Mage Antique gm 1995: Connach (pb) mt, Ossian, Ossian Gaelic ef 1996: Kells Round p22 1997: Iona mt, Kells cfc 2000: Dearmach fnb, Gourdie Uncial Deux mf, Murray Uncial mf 2001: Oncial fm 2003: Celtic ba 2004: Gandalf ef 2005: Ballyhaunis nf 2006: Agedage Insular fi, Irish Half Uncial Bricks mk 2008: Insularis Majuscula jjm No date: Odilia mt Initials No date:  Robin 1993: Anglo-Saxon df, Lindisfarne sfl, Celtic Initials sfl = Brigida / Brigidis sfl. Ð1995: British Block Flourish 10th c. fd, British Outline Majuscules fd 1996: Columba sfl, Kells Square p22 1997: Celtic Decorative w. Drop Caps df, Linotype Irish Text lt, Knotwork sfl 1998: Pee's Celtic 1999: Morgow sfl 2001: Anglo-Saxon Project sdf 2004: Lindisfarne Runes bt 2005: Celtismagoria df, Edda Morgana nf 2006: Phantasmagoria p22 / st 2007: Uncial cd No date: Anglo-Saxon 8th c. fd Celtic ornaments 1993: Celtic Borders sfl 1995: Ossian Ornaments ef 1996: Kells Extra p22, Ossian Ornaments ef 1997: Celtia vt, Celtic Frames, Celtic Patterns ofl, Mage Ornaments gm 1998: Celtic Borders sfl 1999: Celtic Border ds 2000: Celtic dbl 2002: Celtic Knots ba 2008: Celtic Ornaments ba Insular miniscules 1995-1996: Beowulf df 1998: Celtic Narrow pr 1999: Insular Minuscule jk 2001: AngloSaxon Italic mk 2005: Insularis Minuscula jjm No date: Prentice gm Modern Gaelic ------------------------------------------------------------------- 4. Variious medieval scripts Merovingian letters 2002: Gnomos wf 2001: Luxeuil wf 2006: Agedage Luxeuil fi 2008: Luxoviensis Minuscula jjm >2008: Luxeuil id Visigothic miniscule 2008: Visigothica Minuscula jjm Beneventan miniscules 1991: Beneta Roman (kgh) lt, Lombardo atech 2006: Agedage Beneventan fi 2008: Beneventana Minuscula jjm Pre-carolingian of Sankt Gall 2007: Gallus Konzept stf ----------------------------------------------------------- 5. Carolingian and roman scripts Minuscules 1917:  Disteltype 1930: Goudy Medieval (fg) lt, tr 1953: Ondine (afr), Codex lt 1988-1992:  Dorovar Carolus flf = Carolingia df 1990: Carolina lt 1991: Carolus Magnus (mk) ff 1993: Madonna (jb) ff 1994: Francesca (pb) mt, Weissenau (pb) ai 1995: Alcuin urw, Hrabanus (pb) mt, Medieva (jb) ef, Monmouth (pb) mt, Ramsey (pb) mt 1997: Karolinger (jb) ef, Priory cfc 1998: 10th Century Bookhand wf, Hingham Text dp 1999: Carolingian Minuscule jk, Gregoire tg 2000: Silentium ad 2001: Pontifica sfl, Scepter dp 2002-2004: Horaz kps 2003-2006: Carlin Script lt 2005: Carolingia Minuscula jjm 2006: 12th-c. Abbey df, Agedage Caroline fi 2008: Luminari (pb) cnd, Tertius sf Diplomatic scripts 1993: Ranegund sfl Epigraphy 1926: Weiss Initials (erw) 1931: Weiss Lapidar (erw) dis 1989: Charlemagne ad 1993: King Arthur jf, Studz ad 1994: Floral Majuscules 11th c. fd 1995: Library of Minerva 9th c. fd, Priory pjl 2000:  AnnoMille (C. Buffa), Lime Glory Caps dbl 2003: Vere Dignum lt 2006: Medieval Caps ba 2007: Sacnoth id Tapisserie de Bayeux 2000: King Harold hl 2001: Invasion (hgb) lt --------------------------------------------------------------- 6. Gothic scripts Textualis 1983: Blackmoor lt 1990: Clairvaux lt, Lettergical it 1991: Duc de Berry lt 1992: Notre Dame (kgh) lt 1993: Londinium gm, Textura Quadrata sfl 1994: Cadeaulx sfl, English Textura hfj 1995: Francesca Gothic (pb) mt 1996: MA Gotic ws 1997: Tuscany cfc 1998: Formal Text Hand Ancient cd 1999: Early Gothic jk, Gothic Texture jk 1999-2004: Pal-Gotisch kps, Pal-Textura kps 2000: Satanas Humanum Salvator mrf, The End mrf 2002: Textur Gotisch lt 2004: Albrecht Durer Gothic sfl 2005: Gothica Textura Quadrata jjm, Hergest fnb 2006: Canterbury p22 / st 2008: Gothica Textura Prescissa jjm Rotunda 1925-1934: Wallau dis 1936: Weiss Rundgotisch (erw) 1991: San Marco (kgh) lt 1993: Ophelia (jb) ff 1995?: Clemente Rotunda (pb) mt, Duomo gm 1995: Cresci Rotunda (pb) mt 2000: El Cid cfc <2001: Schampel et 2001: Court Hand dp 2001-2004: Pal-Rotunda kps 2002: Orotund pjl 2008: Gothica Rotunda jjm No date: Spanish Round Bookhand 16th fd [after J. de Yciar?] Diplomatic scripts 1993: Offenbach Chancery sfl 2001: Astaroth wf, Herman Decanus df, Orgeuil wf 2003: Wir Wenzlaw pfr 2005: Dei Gratia pfr, Gotische Minuskel 1269 id, Xiparos pfr, Xirwena pfr 2006: Magna Carta df Bastardas and cursive scripts 1951: Rhapsodie 1989: Vadstenakursive bb 1991: Koberger (mk) ff, Schoensperger (mk) ff 1994: Cadeaulx sfl 1995: Brigida (bb) mt 1996: MA Bastarda-15th ws [after G. Tory] = Bastarda-K mk 1996: MA GKursiv-16th ws 1997: David Aubert tg 2000: Horloge dp 2003: Bernhardt Standard (jdg) lt 2005: Bastardre Hand dc, Rockner (jdg) lt, Xenippa pfr 2006: Bastyan p22 / ihof 2007: _aeiou pfr, Et Boemie Rex pfr, Schreibweise ep 2008: 1420 Script Gothic glc, 1475 Bastarde Manual glc, Givry tt, Gothica Bastarda jjm Lombardic 1905: Caxton Initials (fg) dt = Fabliaux sfl 1952: Bentele Unziale art 1990: Goudy Lombardy ct [after fg] 1993: Curled Serif jf, Londinium Versals gm, Lubeck jf 1994: Great Primer Uncials hfj 1995: Lombardic Capitals (pb) mt 1997: Versals cfc 2000-2004: Pal-Lombarden kps 2001: Padstow sfl 2002: Textur Lombardisch lt 2007: Like Gutemberg Caps id 2008: Lombardisch hgb No date: Odilia mt (+ demi-onciale) Epigraphy 1992: Florimel sfl 1993: Clairveaux sfl 1995: Gallaecia Castelo vg 1997: Perigord sfl 2001: Ardenwood sfl [after G. B. Palatino] 2002: Infula pjl [after J. de Yciar] 2004: Ye Olde Block nf 2005: Numismatic p22 / ihof 2007: Brass hih, Majestade id --------------------------------------------------------------- 7. Gothic traditions France: gothic cursive, Civilité c. 1894: Cursive Script 1922: Civilité (mfb) <1930:  La Civilité 1937: Legende 1984:  Zapf Civilité (hz) 1994: St. Augustin Civilité hfj 1998: Spanish Court Hand wf 1999: R de Tarragon rdt 2008: 1742 French Civilité glc France and Spain: financiè,re, ronde 1904:  French Plate Script 1905: French Script (mfb) = Linoscript lt = Typo Upright bt 1970: Gando lt = French 111 bt 1991: Special Alphabets P01 mt 1992: Gessele df 1994: Terpsichore sfl, Vunder Script it 1995: Fling itc 1998: Redonda itc 2001: Hope rl 2003: Silvestrini urw 2005: Archive French Script at, Methodo dst 2006: Bon Mot nf 2007: Chancelaresca Spanola id 2008: 1890 Registers Script glc, La Petite Ronde mhs [after L. Barbedor], Sweet Upright Script mvb England: administrative scripts 1994: Engrossing sfl 1995: Froissart sfl 1997: Court Virginia 1552, Court Virginia 1590, Parish Register Virginia 1590, Parish Register Jamestown 1615 abo 1999: Bastarda wf, Bastard Secretary Hand, Chancery Hand, Common Pleas Hand, Elizabethan, Secretary Hand cd 2002: CS Courthand urw 2005: Chatham, Elizabethan, Royalist p22 / st 2008: Albemarle p22 / st Germany: Gotisch, Fraktur, Schwabacher See Dieter Steffmann, or the book Fraktur Mon Amour by Judith Schalansky Germany: Kurrent and Suetterlin 1914:  Grossmütterchen 1992: Suetterlin (mk) ef 1995?:  Beckhem Gothic fyf 1996: Grossvater Kurrent wf, Kurrent Kupferstich wf, Suetterlin wf 1998: Johann Sparkling itc 1999: German Latin wf 2003: Suetterlin sm, Voluta Script ad 2005: Cantzley AD1600 mk, Portugues Arcaico Caligrafico id 2007: Love's Labour pfr --------------------------------------------------------------- 8. Italian renaissance and its extensions Epigraphic capitals 1896: Florentine urw 1927: Record Title (fg) ltc [after D. Moylle] 1929:  Stellar 1934: Felix Titling mt [after F. Feliciano] 1950-1951: Michelangelo & Sistina (hz) lt 1958: Optima (hz) 1992: Mantinia cc, Requiem hfj 1996: Cresci lp, Pontif lp [after L. Orfei] 1997: Beata lp, Donatello lp, Ghiberti lp, Pietra lp 2002: Monumenta pf 2004: Luca Pacioli Rough mk 2005: Nerva dst 2007: Cresciesco id [after G. F. Cresci] Constructed capitals (on grids) 1992: Walrod pp 1995: Duerer Latin Construction Capitals abc 1996: Champ Fleury af 1997: Codex ecf 2000: Torniello gft 2003: Hands On Albrecht D. urw 2004: Luca Pacioli mk, Torniello Initials mk,Durer Caps p22 / ihof 2007: Pacioli md No date:  Spartacus fyf Humanistic miniscules 1904:  Humanistic =  Laurentian 1915:  Motto (mfb) 1916:  Goudytype (fg) 1928:  Sinibaldi,  Treyford 1946:  Bologna [based on Humanistic] = Verona (1948) = Mikadan td (2006) 1992: Barbedor, Romeo dn 1993: Humana ot, Humanist (jb) ff, Sanvito ad 1995: Gianpoggio bb, Oxalis mt [incise], Poggio Book-hand (pb) mt, Sallando Italic (pb) mt 1996: Kallos itc 1997: Humanistika (hgb) lt 1999: Rialto dft 1999-2004: Pal-Humanistica kps 2000: La Gioconda let [after G. F. Cresci] 2005: Humanistica Antiqua jjm 2007: Cresciesco id [after G. F. Cresci] Italic cursive. Chancery script 1925:  Ruano 1934:  Cancelleresca Bastarda (jvk) 1940: Artscript ltc / p22 1949:  Romanée italique (jvk) 1952: Quill mt 1964: El Greco be 1968: Mauritius lt 1971: Medici Script (hz) lt 1973: Le Griffe 1976: Noris Script (hz) lt 1979: Zapf Chancery (hz) itc 1986-1992: Calligraphy flf 1988: Lucida Calligraphy ef 1989: Marigold (ab) lt, Pelican (ab) lt 1990: Fidelio mn 1990-1998: Cataneo bt 1991-1995: Monotype Corsiva mt 1992: Poetica ad, Requiem (italiques) hfj 1994: Apple Chancery 1995: Arioso lt, Artemisia ef, Mantegna Italic (pb) mt, Ophelia Italic (pb) mt, Thalia Italic (pb) mt, Zola urw 1996: Opsmarckt (F. Heine) t26 1997: Fiorenza sfl 1998: Augusta Cancelleresca (jdg) mt, Göeborg lp 1999: Cancellaresca Script dp, Ronsard Script tw / po 1999-2004: Pal-Cancellaresca kps 2001: Gaius (jdg) lt, Pouty fb 2002: Michaelmas if 2003: Afton p22 / st, Avocet p22 / st, Fairbank mt, Rendezvous tf 2004: Elysa Swash ef, Signature lhf 2005:  Chancelaresca Italic id, Torquemada (pb) cnd 2006: Agedage Cancelleresca fi, Unger Chancery pro, Volitiva id 2008: GLC 1610 Cancelleresca glc [after F. Periccioli] Formal italic scripts (16th cent.), map faces 1990: Tagliente et 1995: Ludovico Woodcut, Ludovico Smooth (pb) mt [after L. Arrighi], Mercator (ab) mt [after G. Mercator] 1999: Italic Hand cd, William Shakespeare wf = Grenville p22 / st 2000: Platthand sfl 2001: John Speed sfl, Ludovicos sdf [after L. Arrighi] 2003: Francisco Lucas pfr 2004: Henry Morgan Hand mk / pjl, Incognito ftn 2005: Operina p22 [after L. Arrighi], Billingsley pt, Tagettes pfr 2008:  Piacevole mhs [after J. de Beauchesne] Italian cursive 1989: Leonardo Hand et 1997: Da Vinci p22, Michelangelo p22 1999: Aquiline es = Allegheny sfl = Aquiline Two mk 2001: Da Vinci Script pf 2002: Alleghieri sfl 2002-2003: Lagarto (italique) ktf 2004: Clerica pjl 2007: Tycho's Recipe pfr 2008: Longinus 066 Pontifical scripts 1997: Caligrafia de Bula po [after J. de Yciar], Amadeus cfc = Folhas Caps 1999: Bollatica (pb) mt [after G. A. Tagliente] 2002: Batwynge wf [after G. Tory] Baroque cursives 1965: Snell Roundhand lt 1989:  Champion = Champignon df 1992: Carl Beck (bb) mt [after Carl Beckman 1794] 1997: Batarde CoulŽe li 1999: Copperplate 1672 wf 2000: Bickham Script ad 2005: Abdiel sfl, Pluma dst 2007: Champion pf 2008: Waza lt Grunge cursives 1996: Blackadder itc 2000: Dead Mans Chest, Treasure Map Deadhand gf 2001: Freebooter Script al, Black Sam's Gold 2002: Roanoke Script p22 / st, Salem 1692 wf 2005: Broadwindsor p22 / st, Portugues Arcaico Lectura id, Virginian p22 / st 2006: Majidah in, Volgare ff, Witchfinder tn 2008: Captain Quill ac, Stefania in --------------------------------------------------------------- Sources: 066 066.Font ab Arthur Baker abc L'abecedarienne abcd abcdesign abo Andrew Booth ac Ascender Corp ad Adobe af Acme Fonts afr Adrian Frutiger ai Alphabets Inc al Apostrophic Lab art Artypes ast ASType at Archive Type ba Bannigan Artworks bau Bauertypes bb Bo Berndal be Berthold bt Bitstream cc Carter & Cone cd Crazy Diamond Design cfc Classic Font Company cnd Canada Type co Comicraft ct Castle Type dbl Design by Lime dc DC Design df Dafont dft dfType dis Dieter Steffmann dn De Nada Industries dp Dover Publications / Solotype ds Daniel S. Smith dst Dos Santos Type ecf Emerald City Fontwerks ef Elsner+Flake ep E-phemera erw Emil Rudolf Weiss es Expert Software et The Electric Typographer evt Evertype fb Font Bureau fd Flight of the Dragon ff Font Factory fi Flat-it fif Fine Fonts flf Fluent Laser Fonts fm Fontmenu fg Frederic Goudy fnb Feorag NicBhrde ftn Fountain fyf FyrisFonts gf Gem Fonts / Phoenix Fonts gfs Greek Font Society gft Gio Fuga Type gl Gabriel Landini glc Gilles Le Corre gm Gary Munch hgb Hellmut G. Bomm hih Hand-in-Hand hl Harold Lohner hfj Hoefler & Frere-Jones hz Hermann Zapf id Intellecta Design if Iconian Fonts ihof International House of Fonts in Insigne Design it Ingrimayne Type itc International Typeface Company jb Jurgen Brinckmann jdg Julius de Goede jf James Fordyce jgj Jeffrey G. Jackson jk Jack Kilmon jjm Juan Jose Marcos jvk Jan van Krimpen kgh Karlgeorg Hoefer kps Klaus-Peter Schäffel ktf Kimera Type Foundry let Letraset lhf Letterhead Fonts li Lineto lp LetterPerfect lt Linotype ltc Lanston Type Corporation lu Ludwig Übele md MADType mf Mouser Fonts mfb Morris Fuller Benton mk Manfred Klein mhs Marc H. Smith mrf Mr. Fisk mn Mecanorma mt Monotype Imaging mvb Mark van Bronkhorst nd Neufville Digital nf Nick's Fonts of Outras Fontes ofl Omega Font Labs ot Omnibus Typografi p22 P22 pb Philip Bouwsma pf Parachute Fonts pfr Pia Frauss pjl Paul J. Lloyd pmc Padraig McCarthy po Psy/Ops pp Penguin Productions pr Peter Rempel pro ProFonts pt Protimient rl Rob Leuschke rt Roland de Tarragon sdf SDFonts > df sf Scholtz Fonts sfl Scriptorium Fonts Library / Ragnarok Press sm Softmaker ss Stone Type Foundry st Sherwood Type stf Storm Type Foundry t26 T-26 td Typodermic tf Typadelic Fonts tg Thierry Goutten&egave;gre tn Die Typonauten to TypeOff tot Type-o-Tones tr Type Revivals tt Type-Together ttw Tiro Typeworks tw Timberwolf Type urw URW++ vl Visualogik vt Vintage Type wf Walden Fonts ws Will Software