Commentary
September 25, 2001

Report of ATypI 2001 (by Luc Devroye)


.....  


Over 450 people attended the 45rd ATypI meeting in Copenhagen, from 20-23 September 2001. This was a happy easy-going meeting, that left me with many great memories. Its success was due to the dedication of the cheerful local organizers and session chairmen, Henrik Birkvig, Kim Pedersen and Torben Wilhelmsen, and to the right decisions regarding the locale, the SAS Falconer Radisson Hotel.

Before I describe the talks and events I attended, permit me to whine a bit about the conference fees, something I do every year. The conference fees, which amount to about 1,000 Canadian dollars, are just too outrageous. It is clear that this income is used to pay several salaries at ATypI headquarters. But more importantly, the steep fees keep many interesting people from attending. This year, the attendance from the USA was abysmal, but this was in part due to the World Trade Center disaster on September 11. There was a large attendance from Denmark, followed by strong showings of the neighboring North European countries. However, the rest of the world was all but absent. The conference organizers pay the speakers' expenses, while the rank and file have to support their own travel and fork over the big conference fees. I propose that it should be the other way around, modeled after a common practice in many science and engineering meetings. The speakers should not be supported at all (the invitation itself is an honor and a recognition), while there is ample financial support towards the travel, hotel and conferences fees of young students or fresh graduates.

As usual, the attendees received a lot of handouts, catalogs, and posters. There were beautiful fonts by Danish typographers on display at the meeting, covering the major Danish foundries such as e-types (Jonas Hecksher, Jens Kajus) and Kontrapunkt (Bo Linnemann), and individuals such as Ole Søndergaard (the designer of FF Signa), Morten Rostgaard Olsen (of FF Olsen fame), Klaus Andersen, Poul Steen Larsen, Torben Wilhelmsen, Henrik Birkvig, Finn Sködt, Per Baasch Jörgensen, Lotte Reinert, Anne Marie Brammer, and Kim Pedersen. As we would learn during the meeting, Danish type has been greatly developed in function of corporate design. It is only recently that the Danish fonts are being offered for sale to the public.

The SAS Falconer Radisson Hotel was airy, roomy, and stylish, just the right choice for this sort of public. Lots and lots of comfortable sofas, and a great organization of the lunch/computer room had the effect of keeping people relaxed and, most importantly, in the building. The organizers asked if we would be interested in an extra (fourth) day at future ATypI meetings. I hope so. I also hope that the organizers will reduce the number of parallel track hours as much as possible. This can be achieved, for example, by reducing the presentation times by 25%. Some speakers had trouble filling their allotted time this year with meaningful material. I offer my services for the badge design next year, because once again the badges were too small and too unreadable, except from an embarrassingly short distance that would put one's nose within smelling distance of one's target's armpit. In fact, it would have been nice if the organizers had used one of Knud Engelhardt's highly readable road sign fonts. A missed opportunity.


The keynote  
speakers  


Three keynote addresses were delivered. Due to increased security in various airports, I missed a crucial connection in London, and missed the keynote address of Niels Jörgen Cappelørn on "Type and Søren Kierkegaard". Others told me that the presentation was disappointing as it had nothing at all to do with typography. I was not there to confirm this.

Ivar Gjørup lives in Aarhus, and is the cartoonist who created the comic strip Egoland for the Danish newspaper Politiken. His recent book, The Sixth Sense (2000), takes the readers on a sociohistorical tour of writing and printing, with letters first playing the role of memory machines, and then moving on to become the message bearers and publicity agents. It was a good warm-up, but the presentation went on a bit too long. Several other speakers went way over their allotted time as well, despite repeated prods from the session chairs. The overtime club at this meeting has four gold medal recipients, Ivar Gjørup (15 minutes), Erik van Blokland (10 minutes), Petr van Blokland (12 minutes) and Garrett Boge (9 minutes).

Erik van Blokland from LettError presented the third address, entitled "The Future". Just as with the talk by his older brother Petr, it was full of information and opinions on future directions of type (or the design process, in Petr's case). Eric did some major brainstorming on programming in design, on automated web pages, and on automated corporate branding. This was illustrated with hilarious examples such as the autoBrander02 booths destined for airports and train stations, where one can brand a company in five minutes. Eric's show was well prepared, entertaining and insightful. He quoted his brother Petr: If it can be automated, it is not design. And everything that can be automated will be automated.


Jean-Francois  
Porchez  


Porchez gets two awards, one for the most beautiful presentation (hands down, nobody came even close), and one for the heaviest Franco-English accent ever used in a public presentation in Denmark. He took us on a tour of his famous faces such as Le Monde, Le Monde Classique, Parisine and Anisette, his more obscure faces such as Costa (for a cruise line), and his newest jewel, Ambroise, an absolutely stunning Didot family with individual gems such as the lower case g. Interestingly, there are so many elements of Bodoni in that face, such as the question mark, that some well-known typographers at dinner after the talk even proclaimed Ambroise to be a Bodoni. It does not matter of course, because the product is unconditionally good, but Porchez did not want to change his mind--it is a Didot. French nationalism is flourishing indeed!


Jeremy Tankard  


Jeremy Tankard had the thankless task of having to speak just after Porchez. He showed us around his office at Wolff Olins in the UK. He had a few words about his fonts such as Bliss and Archery, but the talk had no kick.


Gerard Unger  


Back to the old guys--the guys with oodles of experience and brains full of quotes and anecdotes. Gerard Unger did not disappoint. At the meeting he decided to highlight some of his faces. He showed Demos, his first face, done in 1974 at Hell in Kiel, where he worked until 1986. He reminded the audience that his most popular face, Swift (1986), is being used by many Dutch and Scandinavian newspapers. USA Today and the Stuttgarter Zeitung use his Gulliver (1993), albeit with different letterspacings. Gulliver is a face with an enormous x-height, even bigger than that of Times, so it is really meant for newspaper use. This led Gerard to one of two funny quotes. One was by Dwiggins who proclaimed that there is only one type client more conservative than a newspaper manager: the gravestone cutter.

His comments on the Euro sign had the audience in stitches. Gerard claims that it is a "c" with two lines, and thus devalues the currency to the status of a cent. But what could one expect from a Belgian designer, who incidentally had the appropriate name of Billiet (only Dutchmen and Belgians will understand the joke)? Now, after the conference, I confirmed that this Belgian was Alain Billiet. I also learned that the symbol had been drawn years before Billiet's design by Arthur Eisenmenger, but back to Unger's talk. The official European Euro web site contradicts Unger by stating that its design is based on the Greek epsilon, with a second horizontal line added to stress the stability of the currency. Gerard then showed his counterproposal for the Euro, a mirrored symbol with a curly "c" sitting on a horizontal stroke, and that same glyph mirrored, with some white space inbetween. It did not work, he said.

Gerard ended his entertaining presentation with the showings of Capitolium (for Rome 2000), Bitstream Amerigo (originally designed for 300dpi laserprinters), and Decoder (from the FUSE 2 collection). He received a long ovation.


John Bark and  
Örjan Nordling  


John Bark founded the Bark Design Studio in Stockholm in 1988, and Örjan Nordling is a partner in Pangea Design AB in Stockholm as well. Nordling's DN Bodoni was presented to the audience. Since September 1, 2001, it is being used for headlines in the Swedish newspaper "Dagens Nyheter". It was created in less than 4 months from scratch. Two major changes from standard Bodoni: the use of right-half serifs only on the two rightmost feet of the m, and the right feet of the n and h; and the replacement of a curly ear on the g by a straight horizontal ear.


Roxane Jubert  


The program announced Roxane Jubert, a Ph.D. student at the Sorbonne, and a typography teacher at the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs. So I expected an academic well-researched talk, and that is precisely what I got. Roxane spoke about atypical alphabets, and took us on a grand voyage of geometrically inspired fonts, the single alphabet fonts (upper case and lower case together), the deconstructivist and random fonts, and finally, the new alphabets. My friend did not like the fact that she was reading her talk from notes. But in the same breath, he applauded her research.


Jay Rutherford  


Born in Sarnia, Ontario, Jay Rutherford is a professor of typography and design at the University of Weimar (which is in former East-Germany). He gave two talks, but I could only attend the first one, in which he showed us his university, and had pictures of the original contributors to the Bauhaus movement from 1919-1933. He designed an OEM for his university called Unisyn, which is based on Syntax (with changes to the a, e and g in the italic versions, and a few other minor modifications).


Nick Shinn  


Nick Shinn runs Shinn Type in Toronto. I am a bit biased towards all Canadians of course, but I can safely say that Nick had the strongest performance of the conference. He must have researched his subject, For the masses: the triumph of historicism, for months. I was stunned to see all those pictures of text from magazines from the 1890-1920 period. Afterwards, I learned that Nick is a devoted old magazine collector. He explained meticulously and forcefully all the technological and typographic advances of that period, culminating in faces by Frederic Goudy, Morris Fuller Benton, and Oswald Cooper. Some fantastic typesetting examples were dissected, and we were quickly led through the middle of the 20th century towards the gates of typographic hell, ads and headlines from the mid 1980s in which the x-height became monstrous, word spacing was eliminated and replaced by capitalization, and letters on adajacent lines overlapped. Appropriately, Nick declared good typography dead around 1985.


Paul van der  
Laan  


Paul van der Laan graduated in 1997 (and again in 2000 with a graduate degree) from the Royal Academy of Art in The Hague. He has his own studio, and is doing some work for Enschedé, where all type work is currently being done by himself, Matthias Noordzij and "one other person". His student work includes a beautiful calligraphic double-stroke caps font, Flex, a sans serif face, and a grad level thesis in 2000 regarding a bitmap font for screens, in which he experimented with serifs, various stresses, shapes and extensions. At Enschedé, he is involved in the revival of some faces by Jan van Krimpen. For example, his Dubbel Augustijn Open Kapitalen is in the works. And Romanée, initially digitized by Fred Smeijers, is still unfinished. Paul explained about Enschedé's reluctance to release any font that is not absolutely perfect. Can we buy any of van der Laan's fonts? Just one--"Rezident", a super-modern sans serif that won an award at Linotype's contest. To end his talk, van der Laan showed the word SLUT on a screen by itself. No, he was not referring to anyone in the audience: slut means "the end" in Danish.


Colin Banks  


Colin Banks's talk was subtle and had a rather fine message. He decided to explain to us how Eric Gill contributed to the signs of W.H.Smith&Son in London, a company founded in 1780, which used Gill's lettering consistently for 60 years until w.h.smith.co.uk recently acquired a new corporate identity. Eric Gill learned calligraphy from Edward Johnston who had published an influential teaching manual on the subject. Johnston subsequently designed the lettering for London's subway and the Danish state railways. Initially, Gill's lettering for W.H.Smith was done by hand, but as W.H.Smith grew, he had to make a font, Trajan like in its capitals, with broad-pen features. The serifs are those of a sign writer's brush, with a very painted look. These same features were used by Colin Banks himself in fonts submitted over the years to Monotype (such as "Robins Gill"), but he claimed that Monotype never understood him.


Gisela Will  


Gisela Will worked for a long time at Elsner&Flake where she digitized, kerned, and completed many Latin, Hebrew and Greek faces. She helped develop the NIVEA logo face, she revived the Radiant family, and she published the BeastyBodies face. But her talk was not about that at all. Her story is related to Genzsch&Heyse, a well-known foundry from Hamburg which stopped production in the 50s. At Genzsh&Heyse, Friedrich Bauer (the head of Genzsch since 1900) created the the 10 weight Genzsch Antiqua family from 1907-1912, the first German contribution to the Antiqua pool, breaking with a long German tradition of Fraktur fonts. It intrigued Gisela, because the faces were readable even at 5 or 6 point, yet they disappeared from all publications after 1962. Luckily, she located some Genzsch Antiqua metal types in a printing shop, and decided to digitize the typeface. The rest of her talk dealt with the changes necessary (adding longer serifs and stroke ends, changing f, j, J, V, W, -, =, and &, and fixing the crooked n). Her type family will be called Nordische Antiqua. She is still working on small caps and italic versions. The audience suggested that she be as faithful as possible to the original design, and that any major changes be put in alternate or expert character sets.


Garrett Boge  


Garrett Boge's story is easily summarized. He runs www.letterspace.com in Seattle, but is impassioned by the Italian/Roman inscriptions. As a result, he travels a lot in Italy, and is building a picture database of inscriptions.


Bruno Maag  


The most touching moment of the meeting was when Bruno Maag's young son proudly took a picture of his father at the start of his presentation. Never seen a prouder boy than that. Swiss-born Bruno Maag is of course well known from his fonts at www.daltonmaag.com. He stunned the audience by announcing that he would never again make fonts for the general public. From now on, he would just do custom fonts out of his office in London. And then he delighted us with the world premiere of two custom font families, one for BMW (a softer version of Helvetica, with a more virile "a"), and one for the BMW Mini.


Petr van  
Blokland  


Petr is one of the type community's great hackers. He makes a lot of sense, and I agree fully with just about everything he says. In his talk, he started out by making a case for storing all data in XML format (an extendible mark-up format). I agree that some simple human-readable format is needed, as long as it remains flexible, simple, and that all tools related to it are either easy to develop, or free. Then he went on to explain his 12 rules for creating a corporate identity. He stressed the utility of iterating through automatic designs using simple rules, and scoring layouts. All data should exist once, a golden rule in all of computer science, and everything else should point to it. I particularly like his pitch against Flash. A strong and very informative presentation!


Albert-Jan Pool  


Albert-Jan Pool is another graduate of the Royal Academy of Arts in The Hague. From 1987 until 1991 he was the type director at Scangraphic, and from 1991-1994, he was the type manager at URW in Hamburg, at which time he completed URW Imperial, URW Linear, and URW Mauritius. In 1995 he started his own studio Dutch Design in Hamburg, and finally he co-founded FarbTon Konzept+Design with Jörn Iken, Birgit Hartmann and Klaus Peter Staudinger, a professor at the University of Weimar. Their corporate partners are DTL (Frank Blokland), URW++ (mainly for hinting), and Fontshop International. They also get freelance help from Nicolay Gogol and Gisela Will. At present, FarbTon has made about ten corporate types. Fonts done by Pool include FF DIN (used on German highway signs, 1995), Jet Set Sans (for JET gas stations), DTL Hein Gas (for Hamburger Gaswerke GmbH), Regenbogen Bold (for a radical left party in Hamburg, a roughened version of Letter Gothic), Botanischer Garten (a great hookish face), and many public propaganda logo faces.


Bo Linnemann and  
Kontrapunkt  


Kontrapunkt is a corporate design company in Copenhagen that employs about 50 people. Its principals are Bo Linnemann and Kim Andersen. Bo Linnemann was the speaker at the meeting, where he professed being influenced by Knud Engelhardt, the famous Danish architect who lived about 100 years ago. The guiding principle in all of Linnemann's work, accordingly, is legibility. Engelhardt used to open up glyphs such as A, M and N. Linnemann's face VIA for the Danish Railways (DSB) has inner spaces bigger than those of Helvetica, which was the face used previously by DSB. VIA's identity is in the lower case g, a neat feature found in more and more corporate typefaces these days. His face DANSKE, for the Danske Bank, is a major adaptation of Eurostyle, with more horizontal magnetization. His BG Bank font is similar. Finally, Kontrapunkt got the contract for the type of the new Billund Airport. The font being developed is called Billund, which means a small forest with bees. In a stroke of genius, Kontrapunkt is showing all the airport signs with bees occasionally, but not always, appearing in random locations, delivering pollen all over the forest, just as airlines deliver passengers all over the world. Billund is of course a highly readable sans face.


Siemens  


There were a few back-to-back highly coordinated and smooth talks about the development of a new corporate type family for Siemens. This project shows German organizational skills at its best. The family will be called Siemens, and consists of Sans, Slab Serif and Serif subfamilies, each further divided into three weights, and each of those having a Roman and an Italic, for a total of 18 fonts. Versions are made for five language categories, including Latin, Turkish, East European, Romanian, and one other language group I missed, for a total of 5 times 18 = 90 fonts. The team is presently working on SmallCaps and OldStyleFigures verrsions as well, leading to a grand total of 270 fonts. In other words, a project of this scope needs a team approach. Jürgen Barthel (corporate designs, Siemens) introduced the project, and spoke about the corporate branding, including logos, color palettes, and even a Fibonacci-based 2d grid for layouts. Hans-Jürg Hunziker (typographer based in Paris) explained the "organic development" of the family. All three faces werew carefully overlayed so that the skeletal forms coincide. The faces are modern in concept, with less contrast than Walbaum. Volker Schnebel, type director at URW++ in Hamburg, digitized the Siemens family using the Ikarus hand-digitizer. A lot of additional hinting is needed. The project is handled iteratively between Siemens, URW++ and Hunziker in what seems to be a flawless relationship.


Peter Rosenfeld  


Peter Rosenfeld was at Hell in Hamburg, and has worked since 1982 at URW. In his talk he reviewed the corporate typeface situation in Germany. The grand daddy of corporate typefaces in Germany is the Corporate A, S and E collection developed in the mid eighties for Daimler-Benz by Kurt Weidemann at URW, which is publically available since 1998. After that event, corporate custom type took off in earnest, although many companies still stick to traditional faces such as Futura, Formata and the like. Examples of major corporations mentioned by Rosenfeld include VW (thery now use a variation of Utopia done by Erik Spiekermann), Allianz (T+T Form by Bernd Möllenstadt), SwisRe (uses a font by URW++), Wella (uses T+T Form), e.on (uses GST Polo, a Georg Zeiden design), HeinGas (uses DTL Nobel, a cooperation between the Dutch Type Library, FarbTon (Albert-Jan Pool) and URW++), Telekom (uses TeleAntiqua and TeleGrotesk by Burbach and Newton), Siemens (uses a new family being designed by Siemens, Hunziker and URW++), Philip Morris (uses Marlborow by neo-Contact), Lufthansa (uses Lufthansa Corporate, a Berthold redesign of Helvetica), and EADS (uses EADS Sans done by URW++). He also listed the traditional public market faces used by other companies, and amused the audience by noting that Beate Uhse uses Univers Condensed. Gerling uses ITC Quay, Stinnes uses De Groot's Thesis, and so on. Rosenfeld's research was thorough and comprehensive, and shows that URW++ is serious about conquering the German corporate type market.


Thomas Milo  


Thomas Milo spoke about his discoveries of important calligraphic Arabic documents that can be used as goals for making a comprehensive Arabic typesetting package. He lives in Amsterdam and runs DecoType, which makes and sells fonts and typesetting software for Arabic. His work is of the highest quality, and it covers the difficult-to-master Naskh writing style, connected with lots of context to be taken into account, with letters dancing at various heights. Milo's style of presentation is legendary: he is outspoken, energetic, enthusiastic, and a master communicator. If you have never heard him, make a point next time to attend his lectures, even if you are not interested in Arabic typography.


Missed talks  


I missed numerous talks due to the troubled post-WTC airline connections, the parallel tracks scheduling, and the lack of energy the morning after the banquet in Base Camp. Also, Erik Spiekermann's talk on Type and sex was canceled. People told me that Steen Ejlers' talk on Danish letters in the 20th century was great. Steen is a senior lecturer at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen. I was not the only one at the meeting totally opposed to the OpenType religion--that is what it is--being preached in the corridors and power breakfasts. I decided therefore to skip the technical track with presentations by John Hudson and Ross Mills on OpenType, and by David Turner on Freetype. As Nick Shinn was pitted against Frank Blokland, I had to miss the presentation by Frank Blokland, Juergen Willrodt and Peter Rosenfeld on DTL Fontmaster. And I missed Just van Rossum and Erik van Blokland, but I had already heard their spiel at other meetings, so that was not so bad. I skipped the "type and periodicals" track, and the track with Michael Harvey. I have a bone to pick with Jan Middendorp, a Dutch designer who lives in Gent, Belgium, who belittled Belgian typography in no uncertain terms. After Gerard Unger's joke about the Belgian designer of the Euro symbol, I have the impression that the dumb Belgian hunting season is in full swing. The organizers scheduled an interesting track on cross-cultural typography, with presentations by Zvi Narkiss on Hebrew type, by Ross Mills on Pigiarniq, a type created for the Inuit in Canada, by Ngo Than Nhan on Nom Script, a Vietnamese script in danger of extinction, by Jovica Veljovic on Church Slavonic type, by Adam Twardoch on Polish diacritics, and by Thomas Milo on Arabic type. (My report above on his talk is thanks to a private replay he graciously offered me while waiting in Copenhagen's airport.) In all, the program was varied and interesting, and the organizers have to be congratulated for the high quality of the presentations.


And the award  
goes to  


Prettiest type showings: Jean-Francois Porchez
Cutest participant: Bruno Maag's son
Best presentation: Nick Shinn
Most energetic speaker: Thomas Milo


  



Copyright © 2001 Luc Devroye
School of Computer Science
McGill University
Montreal, Canada H3A 2K6
luc@cs.mcgill.ca
http://luc.devroye.org
http://luc.devroye.org/fonts.html