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LUC DEVROYE


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Alexis Faudot and Rafael Ribas

In 2019, Alexis Faudot and Rafael Ribas released fifteen free fonts that are all revivals resulting from a 2015 workshop led by Jerome Knebusch at ANRT in Nancy, France, a 2016 workshop at ESAD Valence led by Jerome Knebusch and Thomas Huot-Marchand, a workshop at Hochschule Mainz and Gutenberg-Bibliothek, Mainz in 2016, a workshop at ISDAT in Toulouse, France in 2018, and a workshop at Bauhaus University Weimar and Anna Amalia Bibliothek Weimar in 2018. The project, entitled Gotico-Antiqua, Proto-Roman, Hybrid dealt with 15th century types between gothic and roman in the period 1459-1482. They explain: This relatively understudied period---after Gutenberg and before the consolidation of Jenson's model--extends from the earliest traces of humanistic tendencies to pure roman, including many cases of uncertain or experimental design, voluntary hybridisation and proto- or archaic roman. In 1459 in Mainz, Johann Fust and Peter Schöffer printed the Rationale Divinorum Officiorum by Guillaume Durand, using a typeface (now known as Durandus) that looked like no other before. From that point, we can follow a wide variety of developments, partly related to the travels of early printers from the Rhine area to Italy and France. By extension, we are also interested in the Private Press movement initiated by William Morris and Emery Walker at the end of the nineteenth century in England, which revived some of those typefaces before they were once more largely forgotten. The typefaces:

  • Ptolemy Great Primer 18 (from the 2015 workshop at HEAR Mulhouse). Ptolemy was designed in Chelsea by St John Hornby, Sidney Cockerell and Emery Walker, and was cut in 18 pt by Edward Prince for Cervantes's Don Quixote, which was published by the Ashendene Press in 1927. The type used until 1935 was a revival of Lienhart Holle's cut for Ptolemaeus's Cosmographia printed in 1482 in Ulm. It is possible that Lina Kahal was the actual designer at that 2015 workshop in Nancy.
  • Jessen Mittel 14 and Jessen Cicero 12 (from the 2016 workshop in Valence). Jessen Schrift is hybrid of gothic (blackletter) minuscules and roman capitals (including the characteristic Basque capital A) designed and cut without preliminary drawings in Offenbach am Main by Rudolf Koch for The Four Gospels, which was printed at the Klingspor press in 1926 and published by Koch himself. Formerly named Bibel-Gotisch, the type was released as Jessen in several sizes by the Klingspor foundry in 1930.
  • Hamlet Tertia 18 and Hamlet Cicero 12 (from the 2018 workshop in Weimar). Hamlet (also named Kessler-Blackletter) was designed by Edward Johnston and cut in three sizes (10, 12 and 18 pt) by Edward Prince for William Shakespeare's Hamlet (published by Harry Kessler's Cranach Press in Weimar in 1929). The type is based on the Durandus for the lowercases, and Sweynheim & Pannartz's Subiaco type for the capitals. Type design workshop at Bauhaus Universität Weimar and Anna Amalia Bibliothek Weimar, January 2018.
  • Parix Hybrid 111R (from the Toulouse workshop in 2018). This hybrid was first used in Toulouse by Johann Parix for Rodericus Zamorensis's Speculum vitae humanae, around 1475 (exact date unknown) and was used until 1481. Type design workshop at isdaT Toulouse and Bibliothèque municipale de Toulouse, February 2018.
  • Fust&Schoeffer-Durandus-GoticoAntiqua118G (from the Mainz workshop in 2016). Durandus's 118G, Gotico-Antiqua was first used in Mainz by Peter Schoeffer and Johann Fust for Guillaume Durand's Rationale Divinorum Officorum in 1459. The book displays two sizes, the smaller 92G for the main text and the bigger and more contrasted 118G used only for the colophon and later for the famous 48-line Bible in 1462. It was used until the end of the 15th century.
  • Sweynheim & Pannartz Subiaco 120R. A Proto-Roman first used in Subiaco by Konrad Sweynheim & Arnold Pannartz, for an edition of Donatus in 1465 (no longer preserved) and used until 1467 in four editions in total. Type design workshop with students of ANRT at Biblioteca Statale del Monumento Nazionale di Santa Scolastica, Subiaco, May 2018.
  • Sweynheim & Pannartz 115R A Proto-Roman first used in Rome by Konrad Sweynheim & Arnold Pannartz, for Cicero's Epistolae ad familiares in 1467 and used until 1476. Type design workshop with students of ANRT at Biblioteca Statale del Monumento Nazionale di Santa Scolastica, Subiaco, May 2018.
  • Spira 110R. A Proto-Roman first used in Venice by Johannes and Vindelinus de Spira for Cicero's Epistolae ad familiares in 1469 and used until 1473 by Vindelinus. Type design workshop at ENSBA Lyon and Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon, March 2017.
  • Rot 102R. A Proto-Roman first used in Rome by Adam Rot for Dominicus de Sancto Geminiano's Lecturae super secunda parte sexti Decretalium in 1471 and used until 1474. Type design workshop at HBK Saar and Bibliothèque municipale de Metz, Sarrebrücken, December 2016.
  • Rusch Bizarre 103R. A Proto-Roman first used in Strasbourg by Adolf Rusch for Raban Maur's De universo between 1467-74 (exact date unknown) and used until 1475. Type design workshop at ESAL Metz and Bibliothèque municipale de Metz, April 2018
  • Rusch 100G, Gotico-Antiqua first used in Strasbourg by Adolf Rusch for Balbus' Catholicon, between 1470-75 (exact date unknown) and used until 1478. Type design workshop at ESAL Metz and Bibliothèque municipale de Metz, April 2018.
  • Soufflet Vert 106R, Hybrid first used in Paris by the Au Soufflet Vert workshop for Guido de Monte Rochen's Manipulus Curatorum in 1476 and used until 1480. Type design workshop at ISBA Besançon and Bibliothèque d'étude et de conservation de Besançon, May 2018.
  • Zainer 96G, Gotico-Antiqua first used in Ulm by Johann Zainer for Jacques de Voragine's Legenda aurea not after 1477 and used until 1485. Type design workshop at Hochschule Aachen and Stadtbibliothek Aachen, October 2017.
  • Zainer Initials, richly decorated gothic initials of 45 mm height, first used in Ulm by Johann Zainer for the Spiritual Interpretations of the Life of Jesus Christ around 1478. Used until 1480. Type design workshop at Hochschule Aachen and Stadtbibliothek Aachen, October 2017.

ANRT Nancy link. Github link.

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file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Rot Proto Roman102 R 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Rusch Gotico Antiqua100 G 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Rusch R Bizarre Proto Roman103 R 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Soufflet Vert Hybrid106 R 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Spira Proto Roman110 R 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Sweynheim Pannartz115 R 2018


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Sweynheim Pannartz120 R 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Zainer Gotico Antiqua96 G 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Zainer Gotico Antiqua96 G 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Zainer Initials45mm 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Fust Schoeffer Durandus Gotico Antiqua118 G 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Fust Schoeffer Durandus Gotico Antiqua118 G 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Fust Schoeffer Durandus Gotico Antiqua118 G 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Fust Schoeffer Durandus Gotico Antiqua118 G 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Fust Schoeffer Durandus Gotico Antiqua118 G 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Fust Schoeffer Durandus Gotico Antiqua118 G 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Fust Schoeffer Durandus Gotico Antiqua118 G 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Hamlet 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Hamlet 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Hamlet 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Hamlet 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Hamlet Cicero12 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Hamlet Cicero12 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Hamlet Cicero12 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Hamlet Tertia18 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Jessen Cicero12 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Jessen Cicero12 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Jessen Cicero12 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Jessen Cicero12 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Jessen Cicero12 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Jessen Cicero12 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Jessen Mittel14 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Jessen Mittel14 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Jessen Mittel14 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Parix Hybrid111 R 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Parix Hybrid111 R 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Parix Hybrid111 R 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Parix Hybrid111 R 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Parix Hybrid111 R 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Ptolemy 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Ptolemy 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Ptolemy 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Ptolemy 2019


file name: Alexis Faudot Rafael Ribas Ptolemy 2019







Luc Devroye ⦿ School of Computer Science ⦿ McGill University Montreal, Canada H3A 2K6 ⦿ lucdevroye@gmail.com ⦿ http://luc.devroye.org ⦿ http://luc.devroye.org/fonts.html