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Philipp Luidl
Author of Die Schwabacher (2004), and Ornaments. Philipp Luidl and Günter Gerhard Lange coauthored Paul Renner (1978, Typografische Gesellschaft München). Philipp Luidl and Helmut Huber wrote Typographical ornaments (Poole, Dorset: Blandford Press; New York, N.Y.: Distributed in the U.S. by Sterling Pub. Co., 1985), a 368-page in-depth treatise on the subject. Cover page and selected images such as this end piece with tendril decorations, 17th century, this cast unit piece assembled from various elements, these great ornamented caps, and this vignette from the Academicism period. They divide type ornaments up by historical periods: - Gothic period (1150-1500): Abstract leaves, trefoil, quatrefoil, sixlobe tracery, paisley, interlace and plant motifs.
- Renaissance (1500-1600): Fabulous creatures instead of animals, weapons, music instruments, hop, fig leaf and symmetry everywhere. In the early renaissance (1520-1570), we find grotesque (symmetry, leaves and creatures), mauresque (lines and forms only--no humans or animals!), and basketwork (geometrical designs made up from lines and bands). The late renaissance sees scrollwork (border ornament) and strapwork (wrought-iron).
- Baroque period (1600-1730): Ornate, exaggerated, swepping curves, no corners. In the high baroque (1680-1715), straight curves are not tolerated, and curlicues appear in lettering.
- Rococo period (1720-1780): From "rocaille" (shellwork), form is secondary to decoration. Shell shapes, flame shapes, some Asian patterns.
- Neoclassicism (1770-1830): Sobriety, a nostalgic return to antiquity. Urns and garlands, running dogs, oval cartouches. The Empire style refers to Napoleon times, with laurels, lotuses, sphinxes, and pyramids dominating. Another substyle is Romanticism or Biedermeier, with domestic tranquility.
- Academicism (1850-1900): Revival of Gothic, Baroque and Renaissance elements during this industrial growth period.
- Art Nouveau (1895-1914): Based on Asiatic or folkloric plant and animal motifs, asymmetrical, planar, and reactionary. A truly new style.
- Modernism: The geometrical patterns of the Art Deco movement (1920-1940), and other ornamental styles, often austere, reactionary, or experimental.
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